Digital Signal Processing

This document provides a technical overview of the Cisco Digital Media System for Cisco Desktop Video and its main components.

This technology white paper introduces the reader to an entirely new scheme for lossless audio compression called apt-X Lossless.

This paper will present the case that there are a number of frailties associated with Dolby E, the most notable of which are the latency, audio quality and general awkwardness in terms of operation and implementation.

This paper examines the key performance aspects of low bit rate audio codecs for the next generation of bandwidth-efficient digital wireless microphone systems that meet the future needs of live events.

This paper discusses research undertaken to lower the complexity of existing high-quality sub-band ADPCM coding schemes to better satisfy these conflicting criteria.

Viable distribution of Multi-channel Audio-over-IP for Live and Interactive "Voice Talent" based Gaming using High-quality, Low-latency Audio Codec technology.

"As the number of enhancements to various Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) has increased over the past year, so too has the complexity of determining which language is best for a particular design. Many designers and organizations are contemplating whether they should switch from one HDL to another. This paper compares the technical characteristics of three, general-purpose HDLs.

This paper looks at the issues, materials and current processes being researched to create this integrated Opto-Electronic Circuit Board by European, Japanese and North American organizations.

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Just when you thought that MPLS has peaked, that the pace of innovation has slowed, and that MPLS is getting boring, two promising new developments-namely "MPLS in the access" and "seamless MPLS"-bring fresh excitement to service provider networks. "MPLS in the access" is evolutionary, but a necessary prerequisite to "seamless MPLS", which has the potential to revolutionize the life cycle of service offerings.

Many transportation companies and other businesses that perform pickup, delivery or other services at customer sites have an excellent opportunity to improve cash flow -- without having to add customers or sell more to existing ones.

A powerful signal integrity analysis tool must be flexibility, easy to use and integrated into an existing EDA framework and design flow. In addition, it is important for the tool to be accurate enough. This report reviews a validation study for the Mentor Graphics HyperLynx 8.0 PI tool to establish confidence in using it for power integrity analysis.

For advanced signaling over high-loss channels, designs today are using equalization and several new measurement methods to evaluate the performance of the link. Both simulation and measurement tools support equalization and the new measurement methods, but correlation of results throughout the design flow is unclear. In this paper a high performance equalizing serial data link is measured and the performance is compared to that predicted by simulation. Then, the differences between simulation and measurements are discussed as well as methods to correlate the two.

High Density Interconnect (HDI) is being used more often to meet the growing need for more complex designs in smaller form factors. Beyond some of the more obvious electrical effects of using smaller vias, there is also an impact to the power integrity of a board using HDI. This includes different effects of mounted inductances of decoupling capacitors, changes in plane performance due to reduction in perforation from chip pinouts, and the inherent plane-capacitance changes from using dielectrics of various thicknesses. This paper will examine and quantify these effects, using numerous design examples, including a large conventional through-hole design board that was reduced using HDI.

The success of any consumer electronic device depends to a large extent on the appeal of the user interface (UI) and how easy the device is to use. Studies show that good cosmetic design can encourage users to explore the full range of features and often engenders the perception that a product is easier to use. So if the benefits of a great looking, easy-to-use UI are so clear, why are so many products still falling short of customer expectations? The solution lies in taking a fresh new approach a consumer electronic device UI plays. By identifying common UI functionality and implementing it in a reusable and customizable way, we can make it far easier for embedded engineers to deliver visually engaging and easy-to-use consumer electronic products.

Moving to C++ presents opportunities for higher programmer productivity. The requirements of embedded systems, however, demand that the adoption of C++ be carefully measured for the performance impact of run-time costs present in C++, but not in C. This talk suggests strategies for developers who are starting their acquaintance with C++.

Cooling for IT wiring closets is rarely planned and typically only implemented after failures or overheating occur. Historically, no clear standard exists for specifying sufficient cooling to achieve predictable behavior within wiring closets. An appropriate specification for cooling IT wiring closets should assure compatibility with anticipated loads, provide unambiguous instruction for design and installation of cooling equipment, prevent oversizing, maximize electrical efficiency, and be flexible enough to work in various shapes and types of closets. This paper describes the science and practical application of an improved method for the specification of cooling for wiring closets.

Ultra High Speed Internet, TV and local/long distance phone services combined into 1 superior service.

Through a combination of integrated hardware and software components, ARM TrustZone* technology provides the basis for a highly-protected system architecture targeted specifically at securing consumer products such as mobile phones, PDAs, set-top boxes or other systems running open Operating Systems (OS), such as Symbian OS, Linux and Windows CE.

Embedded system designers have a variety of code execution methods to choose from: eXecute-In-Place (XIP), Fully Shadowed and Demand Paging. Using the best method is the key for a cost-effective solution. Each method has different implications in terms of RAM and Flash usage which directly affect the cost of the system.

Flash memory is a non-volatile memory, which allows the user to electrically program (write) and erase information. The exponential growth of flash memory has made this technology an indispensable part of billions of electronic devices.

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is a term used to describe a class of non-volatile memory devices that employ a reversible phase change in materials to store information. Matter can exist in various phases such as solid, liquid, gas, condensate and plasma.

Using digital control in power supplies is considerably more flexible than analog control in its ability to adapt to changes and digital control inside the power supply results in advantages to the system application such as improved efficiency, fewer external components and reduced overall cost.

“Medical grade DC/DC converters” is an often used, but more often abused, description of a class of converters that are increasingly in demand. What are actually the particular requirements that medical applications place on DC/DC converters?

The frequency of the local oscillator is set so that the difference between the local oscillator frequency and desired input signal (the radio station you want to receive) equals the IF.